Pets4homes 58th day of dog pregnancy. Exercise and dog pregnancy. Pets4homes 58th day of dog pregnancy

 
Exercise and dog pregnancyPets4homes 58th day of dog pregnancy  7

This indicates birth is approximately 7 days away. The most extreme potential option open to the dog owner and one choice that is never undertaken lightly is to arrange a veterinary abortion for your bitch. Females may mate days before or after ovulation, so it’s important to check the exact date. The dog pregnancy calculator is based on the fact that gestation in dogs lasts for about 63 days (almost two months). Therefore, it is very important to know about the pregnancy of dogs by day, so as not to harm and properly take care of their pets. Once the gestation period comes to day 50, you should have an x-ray booked in so that you can find out how many puppies are in. Correctly bred, handled & socialise. (White, 2021) Often the pregnancy period is referred to as the gestational stage and lasts for the same amount of time (almost 63 days). Plan accordingly. Pregnancy in dogs typically lasts for an average 63 days or nine weeks although this can vary slightly depending on breed. It depends on surprisingly many circumstances, how long a dog is pregnant and several factors can determine it, but the average amount of time is 63 days. 63 days equates to two full months and the start of a third. Dogs are only pregnant for 63 days, and if your pooch needs a c-section there is a very short window of only 4 days when a safe elective c-section can be performed - days 61 - 65 after ovulation (not after breeding). Dogs have an estimated gestation time of approximately 58 to 62 days. They are nicely put together with females being very slightly smaller than their male counterparts. At day 0, the mean progesterone concentration for all groups was 2. This week an x-ray will even pick up the puppies’ teeth. The abdomen usually swells 20 to 50 percent, but this may not be noticeable until a few weeks prior to the pregnant dog giving birth. Dogs are pregnant for an average of 63 days, although the gestation period can range from 58 to 68 days. So, larger breeds of dogs might deliver closer to shorter end of the dog pregnancy spectrum (58 days), while smaller breeds of dogs might deliver closer to the longer end of the dog pregnancy spectrum (67 days). For the first few weeks of pregnancy if a bitch is on a balanced diet and she receives sufficient but not too much exercise, then no change is necessary. 58-72 days from the first time the bitch allowed breeding. The bigger your dog, the more litter or. This is because their lungs may not be fully developed and there may be other issues. Estrus is the second stage of the female dog’s reproductive cycle and can last up to 3 to 4 days or 7 to 11 days depending on the female’s hormones. In the early stages of pregnancy, your dog is unlikely to show any obvious signs, but some owners may notice that their dog has: Larger, pinker nipples. + Organogenesis begins– Embryos are at their most susceptible to defects. There are dogs that may go pass the 68th day but still have healthy puppies. A normal dog gestation period ranges from 57 to 65 days, or around 2 months. Dog pregnancy tests are generally safe. This will ensure that she is in good physical condition for whelping. Any abnormal vaginal discharge occurs including bleeding, or a foul-smelling discharge, at any point in the pregnancy. The placenta is formed, the fetus is around 5 - 8mm. The average litter is between 5 and 6 puppies. Weight Gain. The vast majority are understood to be bully XLs, which are being added to the list of banned dogs from 1. With the exception of dog breeders, many dog owners will have little experience with pregnancy in dogs. A dog’s pregnancy may last anywhere from 58 to 68 days. Still, it’s a reasonable assumption: Canine olfactory senses are strong enough to smell disease-related changes in human blood and urine, and many male dogs are able to detect reproductive changes, like ovulation, in female dogs. International dog day is August 26th and was originally created to draw attention to dogs who needed homes and to encourage adoption. This is because she is preparing to feed the puppies. During pregnancy, the developing puppies undergo significant growth and development. This is because the situation might be just to exciting for them to cope with and this could lead to a problem happening which could involve a nip,. Injecting a dog with dexamethasone will also end a pregnancy. The Pomchi is an elegant little dog that boasts having a very sweet and intelligent appearance. Small contractions start and you might see clear discharge from her private parts. Your vet will probably be able to tell you if your dog is actually. Known as the gestational period, your dog will experience three. By Mike Clark. so am i right in thinking their due this sat or. Stolen Funds. uk to see if they have dogs for adoption on there and they do. The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a domesticated descendant of the wolf. However, this is entirely up to the female and varies between individuals. Increased appetite which will likely drop off around day 45. That temperature drop will happen 24-48 hours before birth. Mark the date of the delivery. They may also leak a cloudy fluid. Day 20. If you need further assistance. Your dog will be able to eat and exercise as normal, but talk to your vet first before you give any flea treatments during this stage of gestation. Firstly, a dog can only become pregnant when they are in heat or season. Day 22. The female dog is pregnant for an average of 63 days. It was not planned, my daugther let her outside not knowing any better when she was in heat without watching her and well now she is pregnant. Catagen phase: The new hairs reach their maximum length,. 5. Chart Polski. By the end of your dog's second trimester, their belly will get bigger. The Great Pyrenees are pregnant for 62-65 days. The first heat usually takes place between 6 and 18 months of age, typically starting later in larger breeds, and dogs can become pregnant during their very first heat. Gorgeous, beautiful and absolutely adorable German Shepherd puppies/litter. The length of pregnancy for a dog, also known as the gestation period, is around 63-65 days, which is roughly 2 months. You need to remember that nature often doesn't adhere to strict rules – this period may vary from 58 to even 68 days! The average gestation period of a female dog will range between 58 to 68 days (roughly 8-10 weeks). If her temperature rises above 39. The research shows that by the end of the fourth week, right around day 28, a veterinarian can confirm dog pregnancy with an ultrasound. MetLife Pet Insurance. Veterinary abortion. The vet could feel movement in the Pug’s belly, sometimes as soon as 15 to 30 days. The dog gestation period. There likely won’t be much initial weight gain, but later in the pregnancy, the dog’s tummy will grow rapidly, ballooning to nearly. Blood test: Relaxin, a pregnancy hormone, may be detectable in the blood after day 30. Unlike humans, whose gestation period is approximately 40 weeks, dogs have a much shorter pregnancy. The next stages will include the development of puppies all the way to their delivery. Call a vet if your female’s puppies start to come earlier than 59 days. When a female dog is showing a characteristic bulge in its abdomen, it is natural for its owners to ask if there are puppies on the way. In most cases, we do not know the timing of a dog’s ovulation or even the exact date of conception, so it can be difficult to estimate an exact due date; most pregnancies are estimated to last about 58-68 days in total. Ultrasound. The dog was the first species to be domesticated by humans. When to take a test. In the early stages of your dog’s pregnancy, you will notice very few physical signs. The pregnancy length also known as the gestation period is a little more complex than pinpointing the exact amount of days. 4. A firm and enlarged abdomen around day 45. If you have witnessed more than one mating on different days, then count 62 days ahead for each day that a mating was witnessed. Depending on the species and size of the pregnant dog, the abdomen may be a good sign of pregnancy. Puppies born before the 58th day will probably be too young to survive. How Many Puppies Will Your Dog Have. The average period during which a female dog lets male dogs mount her is 7 days. Pheromones in her urine attract male dogs. As the puppies grow, your dog’s abdomen will expand in size. It was not planned, my daugther let her outside not knowing any better when she was in heat without watching her and well now she is. The reproductive cycle of intact female dogs involves going into heat approximately once every 6 months, with each heat cycle lasting about 18-21 days. Has lived with young children and cats and is very excitable around other dogs (please. Dexamethasone is. Normal gestation in dogs is 58 to 68 days (the average is 63 days). Puppies born before the 58th day will probably be too young to survive. Average weight: Males 4. If something feels wrong, it probably is! Even if you cannot put your finger on the source of the alarm bells that are. Dog health issues by breed type. Just like humans, dogs begin their pregnancy when. How to tell if a dog is pregnant. Dog Pregnancy Calendar Week by Week. What You Need to Do If Your Chow Chow Is Pregnant Prenatal Care: The average length of pregnancy. Stage Two – Delivery of puppies (usually 3 to 12 hours). As the weeks pass, changes become evident, with the pregnant dog’s belly gradually expanding. Some dogs may have a little morning sickness, have a slight lack of appetite, or seem lethargic, but other medical conditions have similar symptoms. Days 45-65. Once the dog is fully awake, able to stand and shows willingness to eat, they will likely be ready to be discharged. How Long Are Dogs Pregnant? On average, a dog’s gestation period is about 63 days, or nine weeks, with dogs generally giving birth sometime between days 57 and 65 after breeding. It’s fairly common for bitches’ appetites to drop after 30 days of pregnancy or just prior to your dog giving birth, but she should be bright and well in every other way. 5 - 9. 0 - 13. When her body temperature drops from around 38. Rescue staff are often volunteers that love animals. Pregnancy in dogs can be diagnosed through ultrasound between days 25 and 35 of pregnancy. The gestation period of a dog may differ depending on the breed. Nipples are swollen and red due to milk production for puppies. Week 4 (days 22-28): during the fourth week the fetuses begin to slowly develop and will measure between 2-3 cm. This is the method used by your veterinarian to check the bump of your female if indeed it is due to. Are you ready to honour your faithful furry best friend? They deserve it for all the endless fun, showers of affection, and slobbery kisses (!) they give so freely. A pregnant dog will have the relaxin hormone, which is produced by the canine placenta. Generally, around 10-12 days into the heat cycle is the ideal time to mate, and so when you first notice that your bitch is in season, let the owners of the sire know, and begin the countdown to the right moment! While planning your timings carefully will not guarantee conception first time, and on the other hand it is also very likely that. Your GSD’s stomach might get bigger, sometimes when fourteen days after insemination. However, this can vary significantly. Their mammary glands and nipples will also be enlarged, and the. Chapter 4: Canine Ultrasound Scans at 21 Days Performing a dog pregnancy scan at 3 weeks or 21 days into the pregnancy is a significant milestone. The puppies are almost fully developed by the 58th day of pregnancy. So, how long are dogs pregnant for? Typically, dogs are pregnant for around 63 days, but this number can differ by a few days based on various factors. Chesapeake Bay Retriever. National Dog Day has been created so that all breeds of dogs are celebrated; mixed and pure. The average dog gestation period is 63 days but can last between 59 and 65 days. A phantom pregnancy is when a bitch behaves to all intents and purposes as if she is pregnant, which may involve both behavioural and physical changes, when it is impossible for her to have conceived. Irritability. Ultrasound – From around day 20-25 of the pregnancy, a vet will be able to perform ultrasound on your suspected pregnant dog and confirm or dismiss pregnancy. Some think it’s a reference to the hot, sultry days that are “not fit for a dog. Breeding a too-young dog is a bad idea. 1. There are no sutures or stitches to be removed afterwards, no chances of post-surgical infections or complications, and no wound site for your dog to lick or bother. Puppies should receive two vaccinations, the first at around 8 to 10 weeks of age and the second, two weeks later at around 10 to 12 weeks of age. If she has not gone into labor by day 67, take her to the vet for an ultrasound to make sure everything is ok7. 0% coi pups. Dogs often get anxious and if that’s the case with your little love, think snuggle buddy this V-day. Microchipping. 0 – 4. Determine if the puppies have heartbeats. From now on, the puppies have already formed ears, eyes, and teeth, nose, and limbs. They are ready to come out into the world, and the nine week pregnant girl will be nesting in preparation for. Veterinary Care. Pregnancy can usually be detected in dogs by palpation (a veterinarian carefully feeling the dog's belly) 20 to 30 days after breeding, by ultrasound 24 or more days after breeding, and by radiographs (x-rays) 40 to 45 days after breeding. If there are two matings, note the dates and expect birth to occur between 63 and 65 days later. According to Dr. 4 days to right before delivery: Restlessness: Your dog may become restless and start to pace, whine, or pant. Find out the signs for each trimester of pregnancy to help you care for your canine companionThe pregnant dog should have her temperature checked frequently starting at the 58th day of the gestation period, to catch the temperature drop that indicates the impending birth of the puppies. Gestation time is usually from 63 to 65 days, sometimes up to 69 days. 2 Electromagnetic radiation in large doses is not good for humans or dogs, which is why your dog is covered in a lead shield over areas other than the abdomen during an X-ray. An increased appetite is one of the first signs of pregnancy in a dog. Exercise and dog pregnancy. This is because it is at 3 to 4 weeks when the embryo now plants itself in the uterus. Puppy development is almost complete around day 58, which means the puppies will begin to move into whelping position in the birth canal over the last few days of the bitch’s pregnancy. Puppies may be whelped seven days before or after the due date. The female dog is pregnant for an average of 63 days. Panacur – Advisable to use daily from day 40 of pregnancy to 2 days post-whelping (approximately 25 days) Milbemax - safe to use in breeding dogs including pregnant and lactating bitches . However, the real question is how long are dogs pregnant? Understanding a Dog’s Reproductive Cycle The gestation period of a dog may differ depending on the breed. 02 ±0. You will see her move to her chosen birthing area at any point, and the birthing process will begin. A complete stages of dog pregnancy calendar, week by week with photos and videos. She also needs increased food intake for her growing fetuses. The 9 week pregnant dog: days 56 – 63. As her due date draws near, mom starts to produce colostrum – the nutrient rich first milk her puppies need in their earliest days. With a planned Labrador Retriever breeding, it is best to record the exact date of mating. An unwanted dog pregnancy (or "mismating," as it is called in veterinary practice) can be ended in a number of ways. 7. Yes, abortion in dogs is possible. Similar to our “morning sickness”, your dog may vomit a little in the early. There are signs of dog pregnancy you can watch for, including: Increase in. 5 and 102. If the pregnancy lasts longer than 65 days. While a dog’s usual pregnancy of 63 days is quite short when compared to humans, you often won’t notice any physical signs until the second half of the pregnancy, at which point things will happen rapidly. How pet parents can get involved in World Cleanup Day. Take your dam's temperature every day for a week to ten days after the birth. Weight gain. During this time, puppy is still very small, and will only reach 1/4 to a 1/2 inch (5 to 10mm) by day 28. 2306 posts · Joined 2010. Week 6 + 10%. Your dog will likely need to see the vet a couple of times during her pregnancy. Same requirement as adult maintenance. Known as the gestational period, your dog will experience three. Like most of the newer cross breeds that have appeared on the scene over recent years Pomskies come in a variety of shapes sizes and colours with some dogs looking more like a Husky whereas others inherit more of the Pomeranian's looks. Pregnancy has three stages of development before the dog gets into active labor: Initial Gestation – embryos make it through the uterine horns; Visible Growth – growth in the developing fetus; Fetal Development – fetal development should be complete by around day 58; Puppies born before the 58th day of pregnancy are considered premature. Catahoula Leopard Dog Appearance. The closer this is. It’s important to monitor your dog for any changes during and after the pregnancy and seek veterinary. £1,800. Early on in gestation, an. However, to avoid being caught unawares, its important to note that some GSDs can give birth as early as the 58th day while others can last up to the 68th day. Main Stages of Dog. Firstly, a dog can only become pregnant when they are in heat or season. How To Find Your Pregnant Dog's Due Date And Physical Changes During Gestational Period? Check Out The Dog Pregnancy Calculator And Calendar. This would be like experiencing morning sickness for. Your dog may be more tired than usual. Remember that the most important tool you have in avoiding scams and pitfalls when buying a pet is your own instinct. During the 5 week mark, female dogs will often have vaginal discharge. 86 cm. May 13, 2021. It is important to talk to the staff at the kennels or day care centre and ensure that they will be able to keep to your dog’s regular routine in terms of food, exercise and bed time-a change in routine can be very upsetting for dogs, as they derive a sense of comfort and familiarity from this, which can help them to feel comfortable. Dog Pregnancy Symptoms At Week 8 (Days 50-56) Once your dog reaches week 8 of their pregnancy, their puppies are fully grown within their uterus. Weight Gain. The duration of dog pregnancy is typically around 63 days, although it can vary slightly. We are Pet Media Ltd, 1 Chapel Street, Warwick, United Kingdom, CV34 4HL, registered in England and Wales with number 06696819. Growing abdomen, visible movement from puppies. The duration of a dog's pregnancy can fall anywhere from 57 to 65 days. This can be one of the clearest indicators of a dog’s pregnancy, especially if your dog has no other reason for sudden weight gain. Pet Specialist. How Do I Know If My Dog Is Pregnant? If you think your canine friend. 55-60 days from the first day of diestrus. 5 degrees Celsius, labour is likely to commence within the next 24 hours. Day 1: Mating. Your Dog's Pregnancy. Dogs are pregnant for about 63 days or nine weeks, though this may vary by a few days depending on several factors. See more ideas about irish wolfhound, wolfhound, irish wolfhound dogs. Instead of being energetic and playful, a pregnant pug starts to feel lethargic and tired. One of the biggest signs a dog is about to go into labor is when her rectal temperature drops below 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Meanwhile, the usual range is within 58 to 68 days. Hi everyone Bella is now day 59 into her pregancy, shes got a big tum but still plodding about and wanting to chase the cat out of the garden. Sickness due to hormonal changes (if. 0% coi efficiently. Antje Joslin, D. We have her a whelping box ready for when she delivers the pups. Note: your dog should not be vaccinated. Four Weeks After Breeding. To find out how long do dogs stay. After 4 to 5 weeks (30 to 35 days), you’re going to see more signs of pregnancy. co. The English bulldog. uk and any subdomains and the Pets4Homes apps. Nausea (morning sickness) can occur in some dogs, but only for a few days during the 3rd or 4th week. This is counted from the day the dog ovulates until the day she gives birth, and is split into three trimesters of roughly 21 days each. Inu no Hi, literally meaning the ‘Day of the Dog,' is an important pregnancy ritual and rite of passage for pregnant women in Japan. Dogs are pregnant for an average of nine weeks, so dog pregnancy changes day by day. When it becomes closer to the projected. A dog gestation period, aka dog pregnancy, is roughly 63 days post-conception, though this can vary between individual dogs and breeds. The Canine Pregnancy Timeline. 5 - 9. The dog’s teats or nipples become more prominent as a result of an increase in the blood supply. At this point in the pregnancy, your dog will have higher nutritional demands. and veterinary advisor for Dogtopia, an. She might even suffer from morning sickness, or generalised nausea, particularly during the early stages of the pregnancy. Diet. During pregnancy, the developing puppies undergo significant growth and development. A slight mucus discharge may occur around one month after mating. Terrible experience. Pregnancy Calendar for Dogs Date: Sun 31 May 115 Sire: Dam: Breeder: Thu 28 May 115 First day of mating. They include:4. If your dog begins panting heavily, vomiting, or trembling. Pregnancy in dogs is relatively short. A dog’s nipples should grow in size during the early stages of pregnancy. Puppies are born inside a thin sac with a black/green discharge after them and a small amount of blood. e. If your dog is not in labor but has been having regular contractions for a few days, you may want to schedule an appointment with your veterinarian to rule. 8. All of this is totally normal, but it is wise to involve your vet in your dog’s pregnancy, in order to. You will see her move to her chosen birthing area at any point, and the birthing process will begin. That will help with the big moment. Chunky and healthy growing babies,The average French bulldog pregnancy lasts 63 days from the time of conception to birth. However, enlarging of the abdomen. • 10 November 2022. Let’s take a closer look at your dog pregnancy week by week with a comparison guide including some of the most important milestones during the pregnancy period as well as any physical changes. Pregnancy in dogs, also called the gestation period, normally ranges from 57-65 days, with an average of 63 days. Central Asian Ovtcharka. Breed and type. With a planned Labrador Retriever breeding, it is best to record the exact date of mating. Increased urination. They stand at around 20 to 26 at the shoulder and the breed boasts a very striking coat that can be spotted, patched, brindle or solid in colour. With a planned breeding, you should record the exact date of mating. Pregnancy in dogs typically lasts for an average 63 days or nine weeks although this can vary slightly depending on breed. Swollen genitals, particularly around her vulva (the outer part of her genitals) A slight mucus discharge from her vagina. As the puppies grow, your dog’s abdomen will expand in size. How long does pregnancy in dogs last? Pregnancy in dogs, also called the gestation period, normally ranges from 57-65 days, with an average of 63 days. a puppy food or a performance diet) will certainly be necessary during the nursing period, and pregnancy may be a good time to. Larger breeds like Great Danes may have longer gestation periods, ranging. The gestation period is usually 63 days, and most bitches whelp normally. X-ray - Exact X-ray scans can be made after the 42nd day of the gestation period. Dogs are pregnant for an average of nine weeks, so dog pregnancy changes day by day. Some other signs of first stage pregnant bitches are: Weight. Greeting new puppies in the house is a pleasant experience that every dog owner wishes to witness once in their lifetime. Most canine pregnancies are between 58-68 days, with most dogs giving birth close to the 62 day mark. 3. Obviously, this timeline can vary by a few days, as gestation won’t always take exactly 63 days. All those are normal signs of the birthing process. A bitch that has received all the proper care before pregnancy is likely to have an easier time. Behavioural changes might include nesting behaviour, overt sexual displays, becoming clingy, going off her food, appearing bad tempered and seeking out un-neutered male dogs. Between the 21st and 35th days of the dog gestation period, fetuses developed and formed small fluid-filled sacks. Breed Facts. Be patient and bring her to the area several times per day for some quality alone time with her. Go to the vet. Most small breeds will be pregnant for an average of 63 days, while larger breeds may stay in heat for up to 72 days. This can be one of the clearest indicators of a dog’s pregnancy, especially if your dog has no other reason for sudden weight gain. You can still feed and exercise your dog as normal. If you have decided to have an ultrasound scan done on your bitch during pregnancy to try and ascertain the number of puppies and identify any problems, this is usually performed during the fifth week. 0 - 13. Pregnancy is the period of gestation when the young are developing in the mother’s uterus. 56-70 days from the first breeding. You need to remember that nature often doesn't adhere to strict rules – this period. The day is all about paying tribute to these incredible animals who work. 5 kg. However, enlarging of the abdomen. Their name “Podengo” means “rabbit hunter or warren hound. The first indications of a German Shepherd pregnancy Your GSD’s appetite will decrease, and she or he could even miss some meals altogether. On the 58th day of a dog’s pregnancy, most signs indicate that labor is imminent. Date of First Mating: Calculate. Behavioral changes including nesting behavior by day 58. 24 – 22. Ultrasound becomes even more reliable after day 30. Recording when your dog mated, if possible, can help you figure out when you can expect her puppies to arrive. Week 1-2 of Dog Pregnancy. Like humans, dogs also have trimesters but they are much shorter at roughly 21 days each. 7. Hungarian Vizsla Age: 5 weeks 4 male / 2 female. Pregnancy can be diagnosed in dogs after day 28, by. The developing puppies are usually discernible via. }Pounds holding unclaimed strays can ask for them to be put to sleep by a vet after seven days. Reproduction veterinarians commonly perform this testing. 1. Multiple matings significantly increase the chances of pregnancy. Terrible experience. This is the phase where a female dog can become pregnant if she is bred. In the second month of dog pregnancy, the pups develop pretty rapidly - by day 32, their eyelids form, by day 35 their toes have grown, with claws appearing by day 40, along with the coat and skeleton by around day 45. During week eight, begin preparing your dog’s nesting — or whelping — area. It can be difficult to predict the exact day of delivery, however, because the date of mating is not always the date of conception. As dogs are widely believed to have easy and uncomplicated births as well as large litters, dogs are considered to be a symbol of smooth delivery and an animal deity of sorts for safe childbirth and fertility. These early pregnancy symptoms can often occur before a person misses a. A few weeks later, he learned from the owner of his dog’s sexual partner that the dog was pregnant. Stages of Pregnancy in Dogs. Follow this calendar for an accurate idea of what to expect each week: Weeks 1-4. Keep a close eye on their growth and well-being. *Contact your veterinarian if you have questions or to schedule an appointment, as they will be able to give you an understanding. At this point, the organs start to form, and it is now known as a ‘fetus. Height at the withers: Males 25. It may surprise you to learn that, while human pregnancies typically last around nine months, the dog gestation period is much shorter, averaging just nine weeks or 63 days. In the first few weeks, the fertilized eggs travel to the uterus, and implantation occurs. 6. 4% of pet re-homings require a subsequent. A dog’s heat cycle has four stages. This is the best way to find. Around this time (by day 40), their nipples will begin to get darker and larger, too. This is typically a good “rule of thumb”, however, a bitch may not ovulate on the first day she stands for a. How to tell if a dog is pregnant. A Week-By-Week Look at What's Happening. Once fertilized, embryos move from the upper portion of the female dog’s uterus down to the lower part. If you are a dog owner and your dog has become pregnant, you may decide to terminate the pregnancy only after consulting a veterinarian, who evaluates risks and performs the procedure. Dog pregnancy can generally be expected to last between eight and nine weeks. The expectant mother will gradually require increasing amounts of food to nourish her developing litter. No. Now, typically, a female dog’s gestation period goes on for about 58 to 68 days from the day they have started breeding with their mate.